Understanding Obesity: Types, Causes, Risks, and Treatment Options

Obesity has become one of the most pressing health concerns worldwide, and India is no exception. With sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy eating patterns, and rising stress levels, obesity is steadily increasing across all age groups. More than just a cosmetic issue, obesity is a complex medical condition that raises the risk of several chronic diseases. At Dr Dua's Specialty Clinic in Delhi, under the expertise of Dr. Sharwari D Dua, a leading endocrinologist in Greater Kailash, the focus is on helping patients understand the condition, its risks, and available treatment options.

What is Obesity?

Obesity is defined as excessive fat accumulation that can negatively impact health. It is commonly measured using the Body Mass Index (BMI), which calculates weight relative to height.

• Normal BMI: 18.5 – 24.9

• Overweight: 25 – 29.9

• Obesity: 30 and above

However, BMI is not the only indicator. Factors such as waist circumference, fat distribution, and underlying medical conditions are also considered when assessing obesity.

Types of Obesity

Obesity can be classified into different types based on fat distribution and underlying causes:

1. Visceral Obesity - Fat accumulates around the abdominal organs, increasing the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

2. Peripheral Obesity - Fat is mainly stored around the hips, thighs, and buttocks.

3. Severe or Morbid Obesity - A condition where BMI is greater than 40, leading to serious health complications.

4. Childhood Obesity - Rising alarmingly in India, often linked to poor diet and reduced physical activity.

5. Secondary Obesity - Caused by hormonal or metabolic disorders, certain medications, or genetic conditions.

Causes of Obesity

Obesity is rarely caused by one factor alone. Instead, it results from a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and medical influences:

• Unhealthy diet: High-calorie, processed foods and sugary drinks contribute to weight gain.

• Lack of physical activity: Sedentary habits such as long hours at desks or excessive screen time reduce calorie expenditure.

• Hormonal imbalances: Conditions like hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), or insulin resistance can lead to obesity.

• Genetics: A family history of obesity increases susceptibility.

• Psychological factors: Stress, anxiety, and depression can trigger overeating.

• Medications: Certain drugs for diabetes, depression, or steroids may promote weight gain.

Health Risks Associated with Obesity

Obesity is not just about excess weight - it is associated with serious health risks, including:

• Type 2 Diabetes

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

• Heart disease and stroke

• Obstructive sleep apnea

• Liver disease (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease)

• Joint problems like osteoarthritis

• Hormonal disorders and fertility issues

• Certain cancers (such as breast, colon, and endometrial cancer)

Addressing obesity early reduces the risk of these long-term complications.

Obesity Treatment in Greater Kailash

At Dr Dua's Specialty Clinic, Delhi, obesity management is tailored according to the individual’s needs, medical background, and lifestyle. Some common approaches include:

1. Lifestyle Modifications

• Dietary changes: Balanced, nutrient-rich meals with controlled portion sizes.

• Physical activity: Regular exercise such as walking, cycling, or yoga helps in burning calories and improving metabolism.

• Behavioral therapy: Counseling and support to manage stress, improve sleep, and avoid emotional eating.

2. Medical Management

For patients with obesity caused by hormonal or metabolic disorders, medications may be prescribed under medical supervision. Endocrinologists like Dr Sharwari D Dua focus on identifying underlying conditions such as thyroid disorders, PCOS, or insulin resistance.

3. Advanced Interventions

In cases of severe or morbid obesity where lifestyle changes alone are insufficient, advanced medical and surgical options may be considered. These are always recommended after thorough evaluation and discussion with specialists.

Preventing Obesity

Prevention plays a crucial role in managing obesity across all age groups. Some preventive measures include:

• Encouraging healthy eating habits from childhood

• Regular physical activity of at least 30 minutes daily

• Adequate sleep and stress management

• Avoiding excessive consumption of processed and sugary foods

Conclusion

Obesity is a multifaceted health condition that requires awareness, timely intervention, and long-term management. With expert guidance from specialists like Dr Sharwari D Dua at Dr Dua’s Specialty Clinic, Delhi, individuals can better understand the types, causes, risks, and treatment options for obesity. By adopting sustainable lifestyle changes and seeking timely medical advice, the complications of obesity can be effectively reduced.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalized guidance, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.